The European Council adopted its position on non-cash fraud crimes by implementing Directive (EU) 2019/713 of the European Parliament and Council on combating fraud and counterfeiting of non-cash means of payment, of April 17, 2019. The directive was published in the official journal of the EU and replaces the current EU legislation, Council Framework Decision 2001/413/JHA. The directive entered into force on May 30, 2019 and must be implemented by member states in national regulation by May 31, 2021. This directive applies to non-cash payment instruments only insofar as the instrument’s payment function is concerned. This also applies to any institutions dealing with electronic money transfers.