On April 10, 2019, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (CBR) published guidelines on enhancing transparency for fund transfers without bank accounts having to be opened. The guidelines seek to increase transparency and accessibility of information on money transfers on behalf of individuals without opening bank accounts, including cross-border transfers without opening bank accounts and supporting effective execution of Article 12(5) of Federal Law of June 27, 2011 161-FZ “on the national payments system”.